Retinol (hypothesis): Retinol is a widely recognized anti-wrinkle active ingredient. It can promote the metabolism of skin cells and stimulate the production of collagen. Collagen is like the "spring" of the skin. It will gradually lose with age, causing wrinkles. Retinol can replenish this "spring", make the skin firmer, and reduce the depth and length of wrinkles. For example, for crow's feet around the eyes and forehead wrinkles, continuous use of serum containing retinol can see these wrinkles gradually become lighter.
Peptides (hypothesis): Some peptide ingredients can also help with anti-wrinkle. Peptides are small molecular chains composed of amino acids. They can act as signal molecules to send instructions to skin cells to promote the synthesis of collagen and elastin. This is like giving instructions to the "construction workers" of the skin to produce more "construction materials" to repair and strengthen the skin structure, thereby enhancing the elasticity of the skin and effectively reducing wrinkles.